In my ongoing series of essays on thinking comparatively about Greek mythology, I have already shown an example of the close connectedness between the ancient site of Tiryns and the various myths, dating back to the era of the Mycenaean Empire, that center on the hero Hēraklēs. Common folk lived outside the walls, where two nearby tholos tombs also indicate a royal cemetery. His domain, Homer recites, incorporated many islands and all of Argos, as well as territory stretching in the opposite direction toward “wealthy Corinth.”Founding legends for Mycenae relate it was ruled by two successive dynasties (Perseides, Pelopides), established respectively by the hero Perseus and Atreus, two grandsons of an earlier regional dynast, Akrisios. Being 1.5km from the sea, it controlled the trade routes between the mainland and the Aegean centers.The area was inhabited before the Bronze age, and ancient Greeks believed that the citadel was built by Proitos, brother of the king of Argos, Akrisios, and grandfather of Perseus, the founder of Mycenae.
Perseus reportedly first settled at Mycenae after his scabbard tip auspiciously dropped onto the rocky hill. Mycenae’s later ruler Agamemnon and his brother Menelaus (king of Sparta) were the sons of Akrisios’ other grandson, Atreus, whose name in modern times has been linked to the site’s largest, best-preserved Mycenaean “beehive” tomb.For archaeologists, Mycenae also represents the “birth- place” of Greek archaeology, where, in the 1870s, Heinrich Schliemann began excavating in search of his beloved Homeric heroes and unearthed the golden death mask of “Agamemnon.” Schliemann’s finds, and those of subsequent excavations led by respected archaeologists including Christos Tsountas, Alan Wace, George Mylonas and Spyros Iakovidis, have revealed a complex, multi-phase site first fortified ca. Especially at times or seasons when few fellow travelers happen to be present, the quiet majesty of the enormous stone-built defenses and singular natural setting seem even more to evoke the former power of this strategically positioned citadel – once inhabited by kings, queens, warriors and priests during the great Late Bronze Age era of Greek heroes.Mycenae has something for everyone: for the pragmatic viewer, it is a massive military bastion erected by social elites to control surrounding lands and peoples, including the almost equally impressive, secondary fortress at Tiryns some 15k to the southwest. In the ancient Greek religion and mythology, Artemis is a deity of the hunt, forests, hills, the moon, and the archery. So his cousin Eurystheus received the crown in the hero's stead, in accordance with a promise made by Zeus. The Upper Citadel featured a palace complex with a monumental gateway, a central court, a characteristic megaron and a network of private apartments with baths, light wells and drains. So he gave away the kingdom of Argos to Megapenthes, in exchange for Megapenthes' kingdom of Tiryns. Mycenae and Tiryns are both such interesting places which give a better understanding of the ancient history of the region. Schliemann excavated Tiryns, followed by Greek and German archaeologists. Have always been fascinated by Greek mythology and history. At Mycenae itself, as one approaches and passes through the Lion Gate (erected ca.
”Homer, Greece’s earliest known epic poet, who may have lived sometime between the 8th and 6th centuries BC, describes Mycenae in his Iliad (Books 2, 4, 7) as a well–founded citadel, “wide wayed” (with broad streets) and “golden.” That Mycenae was indeed a city of gold is immediately apparent to visitors of the Bronze Age Gallery at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, where many golden objects – especially the so-called Mask of Agamemnon – remind us of the riches once enjoyed by this site’s noble residents.
In Greek mythology, Apollo is considered immortal.
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