Horse meat in beef products and adulteration of gadoid fish meat products in the Czech Republic

Food fraud of meat species is becoming a widespread problem. Statistics show that food fraud of meat is on the rise. This study focuses on the possible authenticity of horse meat and gadoid fish using the polymerase chain reaction. The presence of horse meat was determined in 7 samples of beef meat products (9.2%). Analysis of samples of sea fish focused on the detection and identification of gadoid fish. A total of 46 samples were declared to be gadoid fish which was confirmed in 43 cases (93.5%). Two samples were identified as hake (Merluccius sp.) and one sample was not determined.